👉 Computing is fundamentally based on the principles of information theory and computation, rooted in mathematics and physics. At its core, computing involves processing information through binary digits (bits), which can exist in one of two states: 0 or 1. These bits are manipulated using logic gates to perform operations like addition, subtraction, and comparison, forming the basis of digital circuits. Algorithms, which are step-by-step procedures for solving problems, guide these operations, enabling computers to execute tasks ranging from simple calculations to complex simulations. The principles of memory and storage, governed by physical laws, allow data to be retained and accessed efficiently. Additionally, the field of computer science integrates concepts from programming languages, software engineering, and data structures to create functional systems. The interplay between hardware (physical components) and software (instructions and applications) is crucial, as both work together to transform raw data into meaningful outputs, enabling the vast array of technologies we rely on today.
